![]() Applications and sites can each point to a different application pool-IIS will route a request to the application pool for either the site or the application, based on the URI. When you create an application, you point it to an application pool (which multiple applications can share). Every site has at least one default application, which binds to the root URI. ![]() You can apply configuration settings for how long IIS should keep an inactive connection alive and how many concurrent connections a site can accept.Īn application associates a URI path with an application pool and a physical directory within the host. Other settings determine how a site should process or route requests. A site specifies certain top-level configuration details, such as the protocol (HTTP and HTTPS for IIS versions 6 and earlier, and extensible to accommodate any protocol in IIS 7 and above), or the site’s IP address, port, and host header. In IIS, the domain name of a URI belongs to a site. Virtual directories are nested within applications, which are nested within sites, making it possible to define a resource with the URI, //. You can match URIs with application pools and files by configuring sites, applications, and virtual directories. HTTP.sys routes a request to the correct worker process by using the request’s URI. Each application pool defaults to a single worker process, and you can configure your pools to include more. You can pass configuration settings to a single pool to, for instance, throttle the CPU utilization of its workers. Worker processes in one pool do not share resources with other pools. When monitoring traffic to HTTP.sys, you will likely be using performance counters collected by the World Wide Web Publishing Service (The Every worker process belongs to an application pool, which keeps applications mutually isolated to improve their availability-if an application crashes, it won’t affect other application pools. If no worker process is available to handle a request, HTTP.sys places the request in a kernel-mode queue. ![]() HTTP.sys listens for HTTP and HTTPS requests, and validates each one before passing it to a worker process. When a request reaches your Windows server, it passes through HTTP.sys, a kernel-mode device driver. IIS can handle requests with multiple worker processes at a time (depending on your configuration), each of which runs as the executable w3wp.exe. The worker process conducts the main work of a web server: handling client requests and serving responses. We’ll take a look at these components, then introduce the IIS metrics you’ll want to use to monitor them. You’ll want to organize your monitoring strategy around the fact that IIS’s components are spread out across a number of Windows processes and drivers. And while IIS can implement a number of TCP-based protocols, including FTP, we’ll be concentrating on IIS’s default configuration as a server for HTTP or HTTPS. While we’re focusing on IIS 10, which is bundled with Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10, you can consult the documentation if you’re using an earlier version and want to see if something we discuss is available to you. In this post, we’ll survey IIS metrics that can help you ensure the availability and performance of your web server. IIS lets you optimize performance with built-in content caching and compression features, and improve the reliability of your applications by isolating them in separate application pools. And through an ecosystem of IIS extensions, called modules, you can equip your server to perform tasks like rewriting URLs and programmatically load balancing requests. Swappable interfaces like ISAPI and FastCGI make it possible to use IIS with a variety of backend technologies, from micro-frameworks like Flask to runtimes like Node.js, along with technologies you’d expect to find within a Windows-based production environment (e.g., ASP.NET). Microsoft’s Internet Information Services (IIS) is a web server that has traditionally come bundled with Windows (e.g., versions 5.0, 6.0, and beyond).
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